Te whanaketanga o te whakaahua whatu i roto i ngā karuārai ataata

I roto i te ao rongoā, ko te pokanga te huarahi matua mō te rongoā i te nuinga o ngā mate, inā koa he mea nui tēnei i roto i te rongoā wawe o te mate pukupuku. Ko te kī ki te angitu o te pokanga a te taote pokanga kei roto i te tirohanga mārama o te wāhanga mate i muri i te wehenga.Ngā karuārai pokangakua whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te pokanga hauora nā te kaha o te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga toru-ahu, te whakamāramatanga teitei, me te taumira teitei. Heoi, he uaua, he uaua hoki te hanganga tinana o te wāhanga mate, ā, ko te nuinga o ēnei e tata ana ki ngā kiko okana nui. Kua nui rawa atu ngā hanganga mai i te mirimita ki te maikiromita i te whānuitanga ka taea te kite e te kanohi tangata. Hei tāpiri, he whaiti, he kikī hoki ngā kiko toto i roto i te tinana tangata, ā, kāore i te rawaka te māramatanga. Mā te peka iti noa iho ka pā kino ki te tūroro, ka pā ki te pānga o te pokanga, ā, ka tūpono pea ki te ora. Nō reira, me rangahau me te whakawhanakeTe whakahaerengā karu hikohe kaupapa e tūhuratia hohonutia tonutia ana e ngā kairangahau te mea he nui te whakanui me ngā whakaahua tirohanga mārama.

I tēnei wā, kei te uru mai ngā hangarau matihiko pēnei i te whakaahua me te ataata, te tuku kōrero, me te tuhi whakaahua ki te ao o te pokanga moroiti me ngā painga hou. Ehara i te mea ko ēnei hangarau anake kei te tino awe i te āhua noho o te tangata, engari kei te whakauru haere hoki ki te ao o te pokanga moroiti. Ka taea e ngā whakaaturanga whakamāramatanga teitei, ngā kāmera, me ētahi atu te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o nāianei mō te tika o te pokanga. Kua āta whakamahia ngā pūnaha ataata me te CCD, CMOS me ētahi atu pūoko whakaahua hei mata whiwhi ki ngā karu hiko pokanga. Ngā karuārai ataataHe tino ngāwari, he watea hoki mō ngā tākuta ki te whakahaere. Mā te whakaurunga o ngā hangarau matatau pēnei i te pūnaha whakatere, te whakaaturanga 3D, te kounga whakaahua whakamārama-teitei, te mooni whakanuia (AR), me ētahi atu, e āhei ai te tiritiri tirohanga maha-tangata i te wā o te pokanga, ka āwhina anō i ngā tākuta ki te whakahaere pai ake i ngā mahi i roto i te pokanga.

Ko te whakaahua whatu karuārai te mea matua e whakatau ana i te kounga o te whakaahua karuārai. He āhuatanga hoahoa ahurei te whakaahua whatu o ngā karuārai ataata pokanga, mā te whakamahi i ngā wāhanga whatu matatau me ngā hangarau whakaahua pēnei i ngā pūoko CMOS teitei-taumira, teitei te rerekētanga, me ngā hangarau matua pēnei i te whakanui whatu me te utu whatu. Ka whakapai ake ēnei hangarau i te māramatanga me te kounga o te whakaahua o ngā karuārai, ka whakarato i te whakapumautanga tirohanga pai mō ngā mahi pokanga. I tua atu, mā te whakakotahi i te hangarau whakaahua whatu me te tukatuka matihiko, kua tutukihia te whakaahua hihiri wā-tūturu me te hanga-anō 3D, ka whakarato i tētahi wheako tirohanga māmā ake ki ngā taote pokanga. Hei whakapai ake i te kounga whakaahua whatu o ngā karuārai ataata pokanga, kei te tūhura tonu ngā kairangahau i ngā tikanga whakaahua whatu hou, pēnei i te whakaahua fluorescence, te whakaahua polarization, te whakaahua maha-tirohanga, me ētahi atu, hei whakarei ake i te taumira whakaahua me te hohonutanga o ngā karuārai; Te whakamahi i te hangarau matauranga horihori mō te tukatuka-muri i ngā raraunga whakaahua whatu hei whakarei ake i te māramatanga me te rerekētanga o te ahua.

I ngā mahi pokanga tōmua,ngā karu tirotiroi whakamahia nuitia hei taputapu āwhina. Ko te karuārai kanohi he taputapu e whakamahi ana i ngā porotiti me ngā karāhe hei whakatutuki i te tirohanga stereoscopic. Ka taea e ia te whakarato i te tirohanga hohonu me te tirohanga stereoscopic kāore i roto i ngā karuārai kanohi kotahi. I waenganui o te rautau 20, i tīmata a von Zehender i te whakamahinga o ngā karuārai kanohi i roto i ngā whakamātautau kanohi hauora. I muri mai, i whakaurua e Zeiss he karuārai kanohi me te tawhiti mahi o te 25 cm, e whakatakoto ana i te turanga mo te whanaketanga o te pokanga moroiti hou. Mo te whakaahua whatu o ngā karuārai kanohi pokanga, ko te tawhiti mahi o ngā karuārai kanohi o mua he 75 mm. I te whanaketanga me te auahatanga o ngā taputapu hauora, i whakaurua te karuārai pokanga tuatahi OPMI1, ā, ka taea e te tawhiti mahi te tae ki te 405 mm. Kei te piki haere tonu te whakanui, ā, kei te piki haere tonu ngā kōwhiringa whakanui. I te whanaketanga tonu o ngā karuārai kanohi, ko ō rātou painga pēnei i te pānga stereoscopic kanapa, te mārama teitei, me te tawhiti mahi roa kua whakamahia whānuitia ngā karuārai kanohi pokanga i roto i ngā tari rerekē. Heoi, kāore e taea te wareware i te herenga o tōna rahi me tōna hohonu iti, ā, me whakatikatika pinepine ngā kaimahi hauora me te arotahi i te wā e pokanga ana, ka nui ake te uaua o te mahi. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā taote pokanga e aro nui ana ki te mātakitaki me te whakahaere i ngā taputapu tirohanga mō te wā roa, ehara i te mea ka nui ake te taumahatanga tinana, engari kāore hoki e whai i ngā mātāpono ergonomic. Me mau tonu te tū a ngā tākuta ki te mahi i ngā whakamātautau pokanga ki ngā tūroro, ā, me whakatikatika ā-ringa hoki, ka nui ake te uaua o ngā mahi pokanga.

I muri i te tekau tau atu i 1990, ka tīmata te whakauru haere o ngā pūnaha kāmera me ngā pūoko whakaahua ki roto i ngā mahi pokanga, ā, e whakaatu ana i te kaha nui o te tono. I te tau 1991, i whakawhanakehia e Berci tētahi pūnaha ataata mō te tiro i ngā wāhi pokanga, me te whānuitanga tawhiti mahi whakarerekē o te 150-500 mm me ngā diameter o ngā mea ka kitea mai i te 15-25 mm, me te pupuri tonu i te hohonutanga o te mara i waenga i te 10-20 mm. Ahakoa te nui o ngā utu tiaki o ngā karāhe me ngā kāmera i taua wā i whakawhāiti i te whakamahinga whānui o tēnei hangarau i roto i te maha o ngā hōhipera, i haere tonu ngā kairangahau ki te whai i te auahatanga hangarau, ā, ka tīmata ki te whakawhanake i ngā karuārai pokanga ataata matatau ake. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā karuārai pokanga karu-rua, e hiahia ana ki te wā roa hei pupuri i tēnei momo mahi kāore i rerekē, ka taea e ia te arahi ki te ngenge tinana me te hinengaro. Ka tukuna e te karuārai pokanga momo ataata te ahua kua whakanuia ki runga i te aroturuki, ka karo i te tū roa o te taote pokanga. Ka tukuna e ngā karuārai pokanga ataata ngā tākuta mai i te tū kotahi, ka taea ai e rātou te mahi i ngā wāhi hanganga mā roto i ngā mata whakamāramatanga teitei.

I ngā tau tata nei, me te tere o te whanaketanga o te hangarau matauranga horihori, kua āta mōhio haere ngā karu hiko pokanga, ā, kua noho ko ngā karu hiko pokanga ataata hei hua matua i te mākete. Ka whakakotahi te karu hiko pokanga ataata i ngā hangarau tirohanga rorohiko me te ako hohonu hei whakatutuki i te mohiotanga whakaahua aunoa, te wehewehe, me te tātari. I te wā o te pokanga, ka taea e ngā karu hiko pokanga ataata atamai te āwhina i ngā tākuta ki te kimi tere i ngā kiko mate me te whakapai ake i te tika o te pokanga.

I roto i te tukanga whanaketanga mai i ngā karuārai karu rua ki ngā karuārai pokanga ataata, ehara i te mea uaua ki te kite kei te piki haere ngā whakaritenga mō te tika, te whai hua, me te haumaru i roto i te pokanga i ia rā, i ia rā. I tēnei wā, ko te hiahia mō te whakaahua whatu o ngā karuārai pokanga kāore i te herea ki te whakanui i ngā wāhanga mate, engari kei te piki haere te kanorau me te whai hua. I roto i te rongoā haumanu, he whānui te whakamahinga o ngā karuārai pokanga i roto i ngā pokanga neurological me te tuaiwi mā roto i ngā kōwae fluorescence kua whakauruhia ki te mooni whakanui. Ka taea e te pūnaha whakatere AR te whakahaere i te pokanga kī tuaiwi uaua, ā, ka taea e ngā kaihoko fluorescent te ārahi i ngā tākuta ki te tango katoa i ngā pukupuku roro. Hei tāpiri, kua angitu ngā kairangahau ki te whakatutuki i te kitenga aunoa o ngā polyps o te taura reo me te leukoplakia mā te whakamahi i te karuārai pokanga hyperspectral me ngā rauropi whakarōpū whakaahua. Kua whānui te whakamahinga o ngā karuārai pokanga ataata i roto i ngā momo mara pokanga pērā i te thyroidectomy, te pokanga retinal, me te pokanga lymphatic mā te whakakotahi me te whakaahua fluorescence, te whakaahua multispectral, me ngā hangarau tukatuka whakaahua atamai.

Ki te whakaritea ki ngā karuārai pokanga karu rua, ka taea e ngā karuārai ataata te whakarato i ngā ataata maha-kaiwhakamahi, ngā whakaahua pokanga whakamāramatanga teitei, ā, he pai ake te ergonomic, ka whakaiti i te ngenge o te tākuta. Nā te whanaketanga o te whakaahua whatu, te mamati, me te mātauranga kua tino whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā pūnaha whatu karuārai pokanga, ā, kua tino whakawhānui ake ngā mahi me ngā waeine o ngā karuārai pokanga ataata-tūturu, te mooni whakanui, me ētahi atu hangarau.

Ka tika ake, ka whai hua ake, ka atamai ake hoki te whakaahua whatu o ngā karuārai ataata ā muri ake nei, ā, ka whakaratohia ki ngā tākuta he mōhiohio whānui ake, taipitopito ake, ā, e toru-ahu ake mō te tūroro kia pai ake ai te ārahi i ngā mahi pokanga. I taua wā tonu, me te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau me te whānui haere o ngā mara tono, ka whakamahia, ka whakawhanakehia hoki tēnei pūnaha ki roto i ngā mara maha atu.