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Kia pehea te nui o to mohio mo nga karu hiko

 

A karuiti pokangaKo te "kanohi" o te taote microsurgery, i hangaia mo te taiao pokanga me te nuinga o te waa ki te mahipokanga moroiti.

Karukaropi hāparaparakua rite rawa ki nga waahanga whatu tino tika, ka taea e nga taakuta te mataki i nga hanganga tinana o nga turoro i te whakanuinga teitei me te kite i nga korero tino uaua me te whakatau teitei me te rereke, na reira ka awhina i nga taote ki te mahi i nga mahi haangai tino tika.

Ko teKaruoro whakahaereKo te nuinga o nga waahanga e rima:pūnaha mātakitaki, pūnaha whakamarama, pūnaha tautoko, pūnaha whakahaere, apūnaha whakaatu.

Pūnaha mātakitaki:Ko te nuinga o te punaha tirohanga he arotahi whainga, he punaha topa, he kurupae whakawehe, he ngongo, he karu, aha atu.Karuiti pokanga rongoa, tae atu ki te whakanui, te whakatikatika chromatic aberration, me te hohonu o te arotahi (hohonu o te mara).

Pūnaha rama:Ko te punaha rama ko nga rama matua, rama awhina, taura whatu, aha atu, he mea nui ano tenei e pa ana ki te kounga whakaahua oKo nga karu hiko rongoa.

Pūnaha taiapa:Ko te nuinga o te punaha taiapa he turanga, he pou, he ringa whiti, he nekehanga XY whakapae, me etahi atu. Ko te punaha taiapa te anga o teKaruoro whakahaere, a he mea tika ki te whakarite i te nekehanga tere me te ngawari o te tirohanga me te punaha whakamarama ki te waahi e tika ana.

Pūnaha whakahaere:Ko te nuinga o te punaha whakahaere he paewhiri mana, he kakau mana, me te hikoi waewae. Kaore e taea e ia anake te kowhiri i nga momo mahi me te huri i nga whakaahua i te wa o te pokanga na roto i te paewhiri mana, engari ka tutuki ano hoki i te tuunga moroiti teitei ma te kakau mana me te hikoi waewae, me te whakahaere i te arotahi ki runga, ki raro, maui, matau o te microscope. , te huringa o te whakanui, me te whakatikatika o te kanapa marama.

Pūnaha whakaatu:ko te nuinga o nga kamera, nga kaitahuri, nga hanganga whatu, me nga whakaaturanga.

Karuoro whakahaere

Te whanaketanga oKo nga karu hiko ngaiokua tata ki te rau tau tona hitori. Ko te tuatahimicroscopes pokangaKa taea te hoki mai ki te mutunga o te rau tau 1800, i te wa i timata ai nga taote ki te whakamahi mohiti whakanui mo nga mahi pokanga kia marama ake ai nga tirohanga. I te timatanga o te rautau 1900, ka whakamahia e te tohunga otologist a Carl Olof Nylen he microscope monocular i roto i te pokanga mo te otitis media, ka whakatuwhera i te tatau kipokanga moroiti.

I te tau 1953, ka tukuna e Zeiss te hokohoko tuatahi o te aokaruiti pokangaKo te OPMI1, i whakamahia i muri mai i te ophthalmology, te neurosurgery, te tarai kirihou, me etahi atu tari. I te wa ano, i whakapai ake te hapori hauora me te whakahou i nga punaha whatu me te miihini omicroscopes pokanga.

I te mutunga o nga tau 1970, i muri i te whakaurunga o nga huringa hiko, te hanganga katoa oKaruoro whakahaerei fele whakaritea.

I nga tau tata nei, me te whanaketanga oteitei-whakamaramatanga Karu whakahaereme te hangarau matihiko,microscopes pokangakua whakaurua atu etahi atu waahanga whakaata whakaurunga me nga hangarau whakaahua matatau i runga i o raatau mahi o naianei, penei i te tomography coherence optical (OCT), te atahanga fluorescence, me te mooni augmented (AR), e whakarato ana i nga korero whakaahua matawhānui atu ki nga taakuta.

Ko tekaru karu hāparaparaka whakaputa i te tirohanga stereoscopic na roto i te rereketanga o te tirohanga binocular. I roto i nga purongo maha, kua whakarārangihia e nga neurosurgeon te kore o nga ahuatanga whakaata stereoscopic ko tetahi o nga ngoikoretanga o nga whakaata o waho. Ahakoa e whakapono ana etahi o nga tohunga ko te tirohanga stereoscopic toru-ahu te take matua e aukati ana i te pokanga, ka taea te wikitoria ma te whakangungu pokanga, ma te whakamahi ranei i nga taputapu rongoa ki te neke ki roto i te taha tinana o te tirohanga pokanga ahu-rua hei utu mo te kore o te toru. -ahanga tirohanga mokowā; Heoi, i roto i nga pokanga hohonu hohonu, kaore e taea e nga punaha endoscopic ahu-rua te whakakapi i nga tikanga tuku ihomicroscopes pokanga. Ko nga ripoata rangahau e whakaatu ana kaore e taea e te punaha endoscope 3D hou te whakakapimicroscopes pokangai roto i nga waahanga matua o te roro hohonu i te wa o te pokanga.

Ka taea e te punaha endoscope 3D hou te whakarato tirohanga stereoscopic pai, engarimicroscopes hāparapara tawhitohe painga kore e taea te whakakapi i roto i te whakamohiotanga o te kiko i te wa e pokanga wharanga roro hohonu me te toto. I kitea e OERTEL me BURKHARDT i roto i te rangahau haumanu o te punaha endoscope 3D, i roto i te roopu o nga mahi roro e 5 me nga pokanga tuara 11 i whakauruhia ki roto i te rangahau, me whakarere nga mahi roro 3 i te punaha endoscope 3D me te whakamahi tonu.microscopes pokangaki te whakaoti i te pokanga i roto i nga waahanga tino nui. Ko nga mea i aukati i te whakamahi i te punaha endoscope 3D hei whakaoti i te katoa o nga mahi pokanga i roto i enei keehi e toru he maha nga waahanga, tae atu ki te rama, te tirohanga stereoscopic, te whakatikatika stent, me te arotahi. Heoi, mo nga pokanga uaua i roto i te roro hohonu,microscopes pokangakei a ia ano etahi painga.

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Wā tuku: Tihema-05-2024